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开电车还能“卖电”赚钱？山东在东营率先开展车网互动价格机制试点_我的网站
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Lixun-1 upper stage, a versatile "space tug" developed by China's commercial space firm CAS Space, is scheduled to make its maiden flight in the first quarter of 2027 after completing a series of key propulsion-system tests, the developer and its chief designer told the Global Times on Tuesday.
The "tug" is designed to ferry satellites from one orbit to another and support missions ranging from constellation deployment to lunar exploration.
While the main stages of a rocket carry payloads from the ground into an initial orbit, an upper stage takes over once the craft is in space. By repeatedly restarting its engine and changing orbit, Lixun-1 can deliver satellites to higher or different orbits, distribute multiple spacecraft to separate destinations during a single launch, or send probes onto trajectories toward the moon and beyond, Global Times learned from the developer.
Yang Haoliang, chief designer of the Lixun-1 upper stage, compared the system to a shuttle service. "If the regular stages of a launch vehicle are like a long-distance bus," - they carry the upper stage and satellites from Earth to a near-Earth parking orbit - the upper stage then takes over as a "space tug," carrying its satellite "passengers" onward to their designated orbital "stops," Yang explained.
That capability can have a direct impact on how efficiently satellites are launched and operated, Yang said. If a satellite has to climb from an initial orbit to its final destination using its own engine, the process can consume a considerable amount of onboard propellant and reduce the fuel available during its operational life. An upper stage can instead perform that orbital transfer, helping conserve satellite fuel and potentially extend its service life.
It can also make one rocket launch do more work. Instead of releasing a batch of satellites into roughly the same orbit, Lixun-1 can repeatedly ignite its engine and maneuver between deployments, sending different satellites to different altitudes and inclinations. Yang said this would help accelerate constellation deployment while improving the efficiency of individual launches.
The practical ambitions behind the system are backed by a major technical milestone reached this month. In August, Lixun-1 completed its PV-001 integrated propulsion-system coordination firing test, during which the entire system operated smoothly for 566 seconds.
Yang told the Global Times that the current Lixun-1 upper stage has a thrust of 20 kilonewtons and can achieve a specific impulse of 315 seconds, which he described as reaching an internationally leading level. The August firing covered the planned profile for the maiden mission, an important step before the system proceeds to flight testing.
The test was more than a demonstration of the engine itself. As an important system-level verification during development, it examined the coordination and engineering reliability of the engine pressurization system, propellant delivery system, propellant management system and servo-control system under the fully integrated configuration.
Of a series of tests that accumulated 5,211 seconds of firing time, the latest one focused on three core technologies: a high-thrust, high-performance 20-kilonewton upper-stage engine capable of multiple starts; balanced propellant delivery from multiple parallel tanks; and a highly reliable integrated electrical system. Their successful verification means Lixun-1 has completed its system-level testing and is ready to move into the flight-test phase, according to the developer.
Lixun-1 has been designed as a modular and generally adaptable upper stage rather than a system tied to only one rocket. It is intended to work with CAS Space's Kinetica-2 and Kinetica-2 heavy-lift variants as well as other launch vehicles, Yang said.
When paired with the Kinetica-2 family, Lixun-1 could significantly expand the rocket's mission range. For communications missions, it could deliver satellites to geosynchronous transfer orbit or even directly to geosynchronous orbit, conserving satellite propellant while supporting the deployment of high-throughput satellites and future 6G communications spacecraft.
For multi-satellite missions, the combination could distribute spacecraft to different orbital altitudes and inclinations during a single launch, potentially serving both low-Earth-orbit constellations and medium- or high-orbit payloads. For deep-space missions, it could place probes onto Earth-moon transfer trajectories and support lunar exploration, Yang said.
The upper stage is designed to be able to conduct more than 20 engine ignitions, autonomously plan orbital-transfer routes and operate under the vacuum and extreme temperature conditions of space. After completing payload deployment, it can also carry out orbital disposal maneuvers to reduce space-debris risks.
Yang said the Lixun-1 and Kinetica-2 combination is designed to cover the vast majority of commercial satellite launch requirements while retaining the ability to participate in major national space projects. More broadly, the upper stage forms part of CAS Space's effort to build launch capabilities reaching medium and high Earth orbits and deep space, extending the reach of China's commercial space sector toward higher orbits and more distant destinations.
。 “平时不开车，动力电池就闲置着，没想到现在还能靠它赚零花钱!”家住东营的新能源车主陶女士高兴地说。近日，东营区文汇绿色低碳车网互动充放电示范站启动了“晚间放电十日行动”，吸引了陶女士等不少电动车主参加。 所谓车网互动，即V2G，指电动车与电网之间的双向能量流动，车主可在低谷期充电储能，在用电高峰时“放电卖电”，利用峰谷电价差赚取收益。 车主能“卖电”赚钱，背后有政策支撑。2025年1月，山东省发展和改革委员会、国家能源局山东监管办公室、山东省能源局联合发布《关于开展车网互动价格机制改革试点工作的通知》，明确放电价格按照山东电力实时市场发电侧节点加权平均电价执行，用电价格按《山东电力市场规则(试行)》执行，为V2G反向放电的峰谷价差套利提供了政策依据。根据此次“晚间放电十日行动”结算价格，放电分三档：15：00-16：00为0.88元/度，16：00-17：00为1.47元/度，17：00-21：00为1.95元/度，低谷充电低至0.38元/度，峰谷价差明显。 陶女士的新车电池容量为60度，按理想工况计算，扣除约20%的电池预留保护容量后，每次约有40度电可供反向上网。她给记者算了一笔账：家用充电桩低谷电价为0.38元/度左右，充满花费约22.8元。傍晚下班后刚好是17：00-21：00高峰放电时段，40度电按1.95元/度计算，放电毛收入78元，扣除充电成本，单次净赚55.2元。如果在15：00-16：00时段放电，毛收入35.2元，净赚约12.4元。 国网东营市东营区供电公司工作人员介绍，“晚间放电十日行动”吸引超100台车辆参与，累计向电网输送超2000千瓦时绿色电力，相当于节约标准煤约0.8吨，减排二氧化碳约1.28吨。
二 | 不过陶女士坦言，目前，放电活动有时间窗口限制，且需要到指定的充放电示范站操作，若站点不在生活半径内，专程跑一趟需要权衡时间和交通成本。 布局正在加速。东营市垦利区首个集光伏发电、储能、充电、车网互动于一体的胜兴路绿色低碳车网互动充放电示范站也已正式投运，站内配备V2G双向充电桩，周边辐射居民约5万户。
三 | 东营区供电公司副总经理徐晓辉表示，夏季电网用电负荷持续高位，V2G反向放电精准发挥削峰填谷作用，为电网平稳运行提供有力支撑。 目前，山东已在东营率先开展车网互动价格机制试点，济南、淄博等地也陆续跟进居民充电桩车网互动试点。
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